Territorial Role of Second Chamber in Parliamentary Federations:Evidence from Pakistan

University of Gujrat

By: Muhammad Mushtaq and Sultan Mubariz Khan

Supervised By:

Academic Level: BS

Abstract

In federal systems, upper chamber of the legislature is considered as a
representative institution of the smaller units but the evidences suggest that
the parliamentary features of federations limit the territorial role of the
upper/federal chamber. This is because the relative party discipline in
parliamentary democracies and the supremacy of popular house on the
second chamber in such federations. Building on this proposition, the paper
attempts to determine the territorial character of Pakistani Senate through
evaluating its role for pro-autonomy legislation during the debates over 18th
constitutional amendment in Pakistan. The evidence demonstrates
congruence of opinion between the Senators and the members of National
Assembly over certain autonomy issues. Hence, it seems to suggest that the
parliamentary nature of the institutions limits the territorial of the Senate of
Pakistan

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On the direction of the Chairman Senate/President PIPS Board of Governors, the Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services (PIPS), has implemented a comprehensive set of measures aimed at ensuring fiscal discipline, operational efficiency, and responsible utilization of public resources, on the same lines as notified and adopted by the Senate and National Assembly Secretariats.

Under the new measures, the Institute has adopted a four-day working week (Monday to Thursday), while introducing a hybrid working model whereby 50% of staff will perform duties from the office and 50% will work remotely on a rotational basis. Employees working from home will remain fully accessible through digital communication platforms and may be required to report to the office on short notice, ensuring uninterrupted institutional functioning.

Significant steps have also been taken to promote energy conservation. These include a target of achieving up to 70% reduction in energy consumption through minimizing unnecessary use of electricity and ensuring that official meetings, trainings, and events are scheduled during daylight hours. Foreign tours are banned and international meetings are being held virtually.

In the transport section, PIPS has introduced strict measures to curtail expenditure and 70% official vehicles have been grounded as part of this initiative.

As part of broader austerity efforts, 20% reduction has been imposed on the non-ERE budget for the fourth quarter of the current financial year. The officers drawing a monthly salary of PKR 300,000 or more, shall surrendered two days salary or 5% to 30% salary on gross as per Federal Government decision.

The Institute has also discontinued all non-essential procurements with immediate effect. Official functions such as dinners and receptions will not be hosted, except in the case of visiting foreign delegations, and even then, strictly in accordance with austerity protocols.

These measures have been implemented with immediate effect and will remain in force until further orders.

Under the guidance of President PIPS Board of Governors, Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani, PIPS remains fully committed to maintaining its core functions of parliamentary support, capacity building, and research while contributing proactively to national austerity and sustainability goals.